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Hashing Algorithm – One of the Methods for Sending Essential Files

In an online era, data is one of the most valuable parts of a day-to-day basis. It has become one of the essential factors in several things like public administration, scientific research, and an ever-growing digital economy. Moreover, it’s one of the dependent factors for promising technologies like Machine Learning and Big Data. Thus, the increasing demand for data has involved a revived interest in anonymization techniques and processes. And, one of the approaches used is Hashing, which is used for providing additional protection whenever personal data is processed.

Do not proceed to the website unless you understand the reasons for the security warning. Legitimate public sites will not require you to add a security exception for their certificate. この証明書の有効期限は 日付 に切れています。(.) このエラーは、ウェブサイトの身元証明書の有効期限が切れているときに発生します。 このエラーには、ご使用のコンピューターの現在の日時も表示されます。. The website’s certificate has expired.

HashingSec_error_expired_certificateGoogle is one of the algorithms which calculates a string value from a file, which is of a fixed size. Basically, it contains blocks of data, which is transformed into a short fixed-length key or value from the original string. Usually, a summary of the information or data within that sent file.Sec_error_expired_certificate

Moreover, it’s one of the convenient and secure ways when it comes to identifying or comparing databases and files. It’s the process which transforms the dataset into a fixed-length character series, without considering the size of input data. And the received output is known as hash value, digest, code, or simply hash. Additionally, the term “hash” is used for describing both the hash function as well as the hash value.

To put it another way, it’s majorly used for confirming the originality of the sent message. For example, if you send a file and you want to know whether it has been sent to an intended user without any change or not, then there’s the number of ways to check, like contacting the addressee or verifying the file and one of the approaches is also this hashing algorithm.

Let’s dig into the detail and understand: Hash Function & Hashing Algorithm.

A Hash function is a typical mathematical function which is used for mapping data of different size into the fixed-sized values. It’s a mathematical function that is used for converting an input value into a compressed format numerical value called a hash value or simply hashed.
Here the length of the output depends upon the hashing algorithm, which is generally around 160 to 512 bits.

Let’s move further and explore what’s hashing algorithm.

What is Hashing Algorithm & How Hashing Algorithm Work?

Generally, the Hash function is at the heart of a hashing algorithm. But, to get the hash-value of a pre-defined length first, it’s required to divide the input data into the blocks of fixed-sized, because a hash function takes data in a fixed length. Also, these blocks are known as data blocks, which are shown in the below-mentioned image.

Ssl Expired Certificate Error

Here, the size of these data blocks differs depending upon the algorithm. Though, for some of the algorithms, it’s the same. For example, the message of 1024-bit gets divided into two different blocks of 512-bit length while running the hash function twice. On the other hand, if the message is of exactly 512-bit length, then the hash function will run only for once.

However, there’s no guarantee that the message will be in multiples of 512 bits. In some cases, a technique named Padding is used, where the whole message is divided equally in a fixed size of data blocks. The below example shows how the data blocks are processed.

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As shown in the above image, each block is processed separately. And, the output of the first data block is sent like an input along with the second data block. Thus, the output of the latter is sent along with the third data block, and so on. Ultimately, coming with the final output, which is the combined values of all the data blocks. So, even a change of one bit in between the message will change the entire hash value – known as the avalanche effect.
  • Fast to compute the hash value regardless of the data.
  • Once hashing is done, it’s almost impossible to generate a message in its original form.
  • Should be able to avoid hash collisions. For every message, it has its hash value.
  • Even a small change should make a change in the entire hash value. Also known as the avalanche effect.
It’s one of the widely used cryptographic hash function which relies upon the hash functions for generating a unique value, computed using the data and a unique symmetric key. Moreover, message digest algorithms are also known as encryption-only algorithms because of its capability to generate an exceptional value that can never be decrypted.
In cryptography, the Whirlpool algorithm is one of the hash functions. It’s based on an AES-like block cipher. Originally, Whirlpool was called Whirlpool-0, and later on, the revisions were made, and the first revision was known as Whirlpool-T and latest version as the Whirlpool.
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is one of the algorithms used by today’s modern computers for encryption and decryption of the message. It’s an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, which makes use of two different keys called the public key and private key, where the encryption is done using the public key, and decryption is done using the private key.

4. RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest (RIPEMD)

RIPEMD function was initially designed within the framework of the 1992 EU project RIPE (RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation). In the beginning, its design was based upon MD4 hash function, but later in 1996, as a response to the security weaknesses of the RIPEMD, it was again updated, and four strengthened variants got published, namely, RIPEMD-128, RIPEMD-160, RIPEMD-256, and RIPEMD-320. Moreover, these RIPEMD functions are less popular compared to SHA-2, and they’re generally used among others such as Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies based upon Bitcoin.
SHA published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a family of cryptographic functions designed for keeping data secured. It’s intended to be one-way functions, which means once the data are changed into the hash values, it’s not possible to transform it back to the original data. Some of the SHA algorithms are SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3. For example, the SHA algorithm is useful for the encryption of the passwords.
Hashing is quite useful in many ways. But these cryptographic hash functions are remarkably used in IT. Also, it’s used for message authentication codes (MACs), digital signatures, and other different types of authentication.

Moreover, it’s also useful for the identification of the files, indexing of data in hash tables, detecting duplicate data, or as checksums to detect there’s no accidental or intentional corruption of data in the sent file. Lastly, for security purposes, it’s recommended to use hashing algorithms equipped with the newest technologies.

Certificate Has Expired

HomeWikiProblems & IssuesHow to Fix ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID in Chrome
  • ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID is a very popular SSL error during loading the website. In most cases, the issue is due to certificate misconfiguration on a server. However, it may appear due to antivirus and firewall or aother third-party extensions and software. Check the example of the error on the screenshot below.

    Fixing the NET::ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID error is not very difficult, but would takes some time and extra steps. You have to start by identifying the cause of mismatch error first.

    • Solution 1: Check date and time are proper

      Your Chrome browser will show ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID error in case the date and time are wrong on your computer or mobile device. Please recheck and adjust it on your via PC settings.

    • Solution 2: Check browser extensions

      In some cases, the problematic browser extension could be a reason for the error. First of all, try to open the website in Incognito window and if that solves the issue then no need to check extensions. Otherwise, follow the next steps:

      1. Click the 'three dots' button on the top right corner of your browser window
      2. Select More tools and Extensions
      3. Turn off extensions one by one to find culprit extension and delete it to fix the browser error.
    • Solution 3: Check Installed SSL certificate

      • In most cases the issue comes from wrong SSL installed, it may simply not support the correct domain name or sub-domain. That makes a real mismatch result. For example, you issued and installed SSL for www.domain.tld, but installed it for sub.domain.tld which is not protected. You can check that with your browser.

        In Chrome, you have to click to the 'Not Secure' button located on the left side of the address bar, and then click to 'Certificate'. There you will see the details of SSL certificate using the field 'issued to'. The feature is available in most browsers.

      • You can also check that using Online SSL test by SSL Labs, that will be a more accurate result.

      • Make sure Self-Signed SSL is not in use, as they are used for internal server purposes only.

    • Solution 4: Protection of both with/without WWW

      All Single Domain SSL certificates we sell protect WWW and non-WWW version of your domain name. However, there are some certs that do not protect it by default. In that case, you may have a problem using redirection from WWW to non-WWW or opposite option.

      The possible solution is to install a proper SSL certificate or remove any redirect and install Multi-Domain, or Wildcard SSL or even multiple single-domain SSL to protect all domains/sub-domains in use.

    • Solution 5: For WordPress users

      A very popular issue is forgetting to purchase an SSL certificate. WordPress owners enable secures HTTPS protocol for their website without installing or buying SSL, as result they get NET::ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID error message in the browser. There are two possible solutions in that case:

      1. a purchase an SSL certificate and install it your web server;
      2. or changing HTTPS back to HTTP to enable your website without any protection and encryption of transmitted data.
    • Solution 6: Clear the SSL cache

      The browser's SSL cache can be an issue. You have to try clearing the cache to resolve the error.

      • For IE/Edge. You have to open the Internet properties and find the 'Content' tab, there will be a button to 'Clear SSL state'.
      • For Chrome browser the process is similar, click 'Three dots' button on the top right side of the browser, find the 'Settings'. There you will find 'Advanced settings' at the bottom of a page. Now find 'Open Proxy Settings' and there you will see the 'Content' tab with 'Clear SSL state'
    • Solution 7: Proxy settings

      You may have limited browsing experience if Automatical detection of settings is not set via proxy setup. The solution is a Right-click on the Network Access icon to see Internet Properties. Tap on the 'Connection' tab and then to 'LAN Settings'.

      You will see a new window where you have to click to checkbox near the 'Automatically detect settings' if it is not checked already. Once done, you can retry opening the website to see if error was solved.

    • Solution 8: Update OS and Browser

      The classical idea is to make sure your OS and Browser is Up to Date as old or outdated software may bring unexpected issues. The developers are working hard to create new patches and bug fixes, so that is critical to have an updated system.

    • Solution 9: Checking your Firewall/Antivirus

      We suggest checking Firewall and Antivirus settings and LOG files to be sure they are not blocking the website you are trying to visit. Review the blocking reason carefully, if you found a block, as probably they are trying to secure you from a malicious website. We do not suggest switching off Antivirus.

    • Conclusions to summarize

      You can clearly see that there are multiple possible issues that may bring you to error FIX ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID. However, it is known error and there are quite easy steps to fix the issue. Check data/time of your PC, browser extensions, try to clean SSL cache, recheck Proxy settings and update OS with Browser to latest versions. That should definitely help. Good luck!

Sec Error Expired Certificate

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